Bit-Streams

 What happens if your computer doesn't have an IP (Internet Protocol) address? Certainly, you will not be able to do the things you commonly do. Such as surfing the web, using social media, and connecting to your college applications online. IP addresses do not come pre-loaded with our system; it is assigned to us either from our ISP or from our local network DHCP server.  We will look at how the actual process works and how the DHCP servers assign us an IP address. Below is the snippet showing the four steps involved in this process. These four steps are abbreviated with DORA (Discover, Offer, Request, Accept).  with  Image source: Wireshark interface  Let's start with the Discover step first, the first packet in our snippet. Here, you can see the source IP address is 0.0.0.0, which is our system address. Note that we still don't have an IP address yet, which is why it shows 0.0.0.0. The destination address is a broadcast address 255.255.255.255, sending t...

 We work with image formats like JPEG all the time—for example, when uploading pictures to a server, downloading them from the internet, or sending photos to friends through email and other platforms. Using Wireshark, we can easily monitor our network traffic and see who is sending or receiving image files across the network. This is especially useful for analyzing data transfers and understanding how files move over HTTP or other protocols. Below is a sample capture that includes JPEG images. While you may not immediately see the image packets, they will become visible once we apply the appropriate filters in Wireshark.             Image source: Wireshark interface Once you apply the filter command, you'll see results similar to the example below—showing only HTTP traffic that contains JPEG image content.             Image source: Wireshark interface Keep in mind that JPEG files can be transferred using variou...